【英文标准名称】:Healthcarewaste-Reductionbydisinfectionpretreatmentappliancesinmicrobiologicalandmechanicalrisksinvolvinginfectionsandothercomparablehealthcarewaste.
【原文标准名称】:保健废弃物.使用消毒预处理设备降低包括传染性和其他类似的保健废弃物的微生物风险和机械风险
【标准号】:NFX30-503-2004
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:2004-06-01
【实施或试行日期】:2004-06-20
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(FR-AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:C51
【国际标准分类号】:13_030_40;13_030_30
【页数】:17P.;A4
【正文语种】:其他


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforApplicationandAnalysisofSolidStateTrackRecorder(SSTR)MonitorsforReactorSurveillance,E706(IIIB)
【原文标准名称】:反应堆监测用固态径迹记录仪(SSTR)监视器的应用和分析的标准试验方法,E706(IIIB)
【标准号】:ASTME854-2003(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2003
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E10.05
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:dosimetry;fissiondeposit;monitor;PWR;SSTR;surveillance;trackcounting;Dosimetry;Fastneutronflux/fluence;Fluence;Neutronflux/fluence;Nuclearreactorvessels--light-watercooled;Nuclearreactorvessels--surveillance;Radiationexposure--nucl
【摘要】:TheSSTRmethodprovidesforthemeasurementofabsolute-fissiondensityperunitmass.Absolute-neutronfluencecanthenbeinferredfromtheseSSTR-basedabsolutefissionrateobservationsifanappropriateneutronspectrumaveragefissioncrosssectionisknown.Thismethodishighlydiscriminatoryagainstothercomponentsofthein-coreradiationfield.Gammarays,betarays,andotherlightlyionizingparticlesdonotproduceobservabletracksinappropriateLWRSSTRcandidatematerials.However,photofissioncancontributetotheobservedfissiontrackdensityandshouldthereforebeaccountedforwhennonnegligible.Foramoredetaileddiscussionofphotofissioneffects,see13.4.Inthistestmethod,SSTRareplacedinsurfacecontactwithfissionabledepositsandrecordneutron-inducedfissionfragments.Byvariationofthesurfacemassdensity(x03BC;g/cm2)ofthefissionabledepositaswellasemployingtheallowablerangeoftrackdensities(fromroughly1event/cm2upto105events/cm2formanualscanning),arangeoftotalfluencesensitivitycoveringatleast16ordersofmagnitudeispossible,fromroughly102n/cm2upto5x00D7;1018n/cm2.Theallowablerangeoffissiontrackdensitiesisbroaderthanthetrackdensityrangeforhighaccuracymanualscanningworkwithopticalmicroscopycitedin1.2.Inparticular,automatedandsemi-automatedmethodsexistthatbroadenthecustomarytrackdensityrangeavailablewithmanualopticalmicroscopy.Inthisbroadertrackdensityregion,effectsofreducedcountingstatisticsatverylowtrackdensitiesandtrackpile-upcorrectionsatveryhightrackdensitiescanpresentinherentlimitationsforworkofhighaccuracy.AutomatedscanningtechniquesaredescribedinSection11.Fordosimetryapplications,differentenergyregionsoftheneutronspectrumcanbeselectivelyemphasizedbychangingthenuclideusedforthefissiondeposit.ItispossibletouseSSTRdirectlyforneutrondosimetryasdescribedin4.1ortoobtainacompositeneutrondetectionefficiencybyexposureinabenchmarkneutronfield.Thefluenceandspectrum-averagedcrosssectioninthisbenchmarkfieldmustbeknown.Furthermore,applicationinotherneutronfieldsmayrequireadjustmentsduetospectraldeviationfromthebenchmarkfieldspectrumusedforcalibration.Inanyevent,itmustbestressedthattheSSTR-fissiondensitymeasurementscanbecarriedoutcompletelyindependentofanycross-sectionstandards(6).Therefore,forcertainapplications,theindependentnatureofthistestmethodshouldnotbecompromised.Ontheotherhand,manypracticalapplicationsexistwhereinthisfactorisofnoconsequencesothatbenchmarkfieldcalibrationwouldbeentirelyappropriate.1.1Thistestmethoddescribestheuseofsolid-statetrackrecorders(SSTRs)forneutrondosimetryinlight-waterreactor(LWR)applications.Theseapplicationsextendfromlowneutronfluencetohighneutronfluence,includinghighpowerpressurevesselsurveillanceandtestreactorirradiationsaswellaslowpowerbenchmarkfieldmeasurement.(1)ThistestmethodreplacesMethodE418.Thistestmethodismoredetailedandspecialattentionisgiventotheuseofstate-of-the-artmanualandautomatedtrackcountingmethodstoattainhighabsoluteaccuracies.In-situdosimetryinactualhighfluence-hightemperatureLWRapplicationsisemphasized.1.2ThistestmethodincludesSSTRanalysisbybothmanualandautomatedmethods.Toattainadesiredaccuracy,thetrackscanningmethodselectedplaceslimitsontheallowabletrackdensity.Typicallygoodresultsareobtainedintherangeof5to......
【中国标准分类号】:F82
【国际标准分类号】:27_120_20
【页数】:16P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语